Majalah Patologi Indonesia

Clinicopathological Profile of Invasive Breast Cancer Based on the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2019-2020

2024-08-15T04:02:29+00:00

Introduction

Invasive breast cancer (IBC) is the most common malignancy in women. There are three groups of HER2-negative IBC which are HER2-null (score 0), HER2 ultra-low (score between 0 and 1+), and HER2-low (score of 1+ and 2+ without HER2 amplification). Recent studies on drugs for HER2-negative IBC suggest that the HER2-low and HER2 ultra-low groups with metastasis have the opportunity to receive new therapies, although the ultra-low group is still under investigation. Until now, studies on the three groups of HER2-negative IBC in Indonesia have been challenging to obtain. This retrospective study aims to assess the number of cases in the three groups of HER2-negative IBC and their clinicopathological characteristics at the Anatomical Pathology Department of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the years 2019-2020 and to evaluate the discrepancies in HER2 scores after reclassification.

Methods

This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The study utilizes secondary data from the Department of Anatomical Pathology archives of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and its electronic medical records. Sample selection was done using consecutive sampling. Clinicopathological characteristics were recorded, and HER2 expression was reassessed and reclassified.

Results

A total of 1129 samples were obtained. The number of HER2-negative cases in the HER2-null group was 352 cases (31.3%), HER2 ultra-low was 214 cases (18.9%), and HER2-low was 563 cases (49.8%). The most common histopathological type of breast cancer and histological grade were no special type (NST) carcinoma and histological grade 2. The most common molecular subtype was luminal B HER2-negative.

Conclusion

HER2 status examination in breast cancer is useful for treatment. Pathologists are expected to distinguish between HER2 scores of 0 and 1+ and to include these in the examination report. This aims to assist clinicians in determining the appropriate therapy for patients.

H3K27me3 Expression has Association with Histological Grade of Meningioma

2024-05-06T05:24:55+00:00

Background

Meningioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor. It has various histological patterns, locations, and grades, and posing challenges in therapy and prognosis. It has a complex tumorigenesis and H3K27me3 epigenetic changes is one of the factors that play a role in meningioma tumorigenesis. This study aims to determine the correlation of H3K27me3 expression with clinicopathological factors in meningioma.

Method

This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study involving 73 cases of meningioma at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar, consisting 36 grade 1 cases, 31 grade 2 cases, and 6 grade 3 cases. H3K27me3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and its expression was classified into retain and loss. A chi-square test was done to analyze the relationship between H3K27me3 expression with age, gender, location, and histological grade of meningioma. Significance was determined at p<0.05.

Result

In this study, 5 cases (6.8%) showed H3K27me3 loss and were found in 9.7% of grade 2 cases and 33.3% grade 3 cases. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between grade and H3K27me3 expression (p=0.018). There was no significant association between H3K27me3 expression and age, gender, and location.

Conclusion

The expression of H3K27me3 is associated with the grade of meningioma. It provides additional prognostic information in conjunction with other clinicopathological parameters.

The relationships between p16INK4a immunohistochemistry expression with histopathological subtypes in cervical adenocarcinoma.

2024-10-21T07:16:52+00:00

Background:

Cervical adenocarcinoma is one of the epithelial malignancies that frequently occurs in the cervix after squamous cell carcinoma. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical carcinoma is well known, with HPV being identifiable in almost all cervical squamous carcinomas. Research on HPV in cervical adenocarcinoma is less extensive but generally suggests a significant association. p16^INK4a, a tumor suppressor gene, serves as a marker for oncogenic HPV infection and can aid in diagnosing cervical adenocarcinoma.

Methods:

This research cross-sectional study with 34 cases cervical of adenocarcinoma that have been diagnosed at Haji Adam Malik central Hospital, Medan, Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Hospital, North Sumatra University, and Putri Bidadari Hospital Langkat. Histopathological subtypes were assessed using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, followed by immunohistochemical staining for p16^INK4a.The Somers' d test evaluated the relationship between p16^INK4aexpression and adenocarcinoma subtypes.

Results:

The study found that among HPV-associated adenocarcinomas, 20 cases (58.8%) had strong positive p16^INK4aexpression, while 4 cases (11.8%) were negative. For HPV-independent adenocarcinomas, 5 cases (14.7%) had strong positive expression, 2 cases (5.9%) had weak positive expression, and 3 cases (8.8%) were negative. Statistical analysis using the Somers' d test resulted in a p-value of 0.097, indicating no significant correlation (p-value > 0.05).

Conclusion:

No significant association was found between p16^INK4a expression with histopathological subtype in cervical adenocarcinoma.

CORRELATION SALL LIKE PROTEIN 4 EXPRESSION TO HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SUBTYPES IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA AT HAJI ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL 2020-2021

2023-03-17T07:54:36+00:00

Background:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor in the head and neck region, which originates from nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Management of NPC therapy is systemic therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. SALL4 is a carcinogenesis promoter gene and has been shown to play a role in modulating the effects of NPC radiation therapy.

Methode:

Analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional design on 33 histological specimens diagnosed with NPC from medical records/archives at the Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital, Medan, 2020-2021. Each specimen was stained with SALL4 immunohistochemistry. The Mann-Whitney U test (p ≥ 0.05) was used to assess the association of SALL4 expression with NPC histopathological subtypes.

Result:

The most gender is male 78.8% of the sample, the most age group is 41-50 years (51.5%) of the sample. Differentiated NKSCC subtypes, strong SALL4 expression in 25% of samples, and weak expression in 75% of samples. The undifferentiated NKSCC subtype had strong SALL4 expression in 21.05% of the samples, and weak expression in 78.95% of the samples. The KSCC subtype had strong SALL4 expression in 16.7% of the samples, and weak expression in 83.3% of the samples. There was no relationship between SALL4 expression in various NPC subtypes. The Mann-Whitney U test was carried out on this variable and obtained a p-value of 0.7101 (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion:

There is no correlation between SALL4 expression with subtypes in NPC.

Keywords: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, SALL4, radiotherapy

The Relationships Between P16INK4a Immunohistochemistry Expression With Subtypes And Histopathological Grading In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Penis.

2024-11-07T03:01:51+00:00

ABSTRACT

Background:

Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a malignancy of the epithelial cells of the prepuce or glans penis, occupying 95% of all malignancies in the penis.The average patient age is 50 until 70 years. The p16^INK4aimmunohistochemistry is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor and can be expressed by human papilloma virus. Several studies have tried to relate this expression to eradicate this virus.

Methods:

This study use cross-sectional analytical study with 30 samples of histopathological preparations diagnosed as penile squamous cell carcinoma at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Assessment of p16^INK4a expression was made based on analysis of the percentage of positive tumor cells and staining intensity. Score 0: (no positive tumor cells). Score +1: (≤10% positive tumor cells). Score +2: (11–50% positive tumor cells). Score +3: (> 50% positive tumor cells). The color intensity of p16^INK4a is categorized as follows: Score 0: (negative). Score 1: (weak). Score 2: (strong).

Results:

The most common age was 40-49 years, the most location was in more than one region, the most subtype was HPV-associated ,the most weak positive expression was the HPV-associated subtype and the most strong positive expression was HPV-associated of squamous cell carcinoma of penile. The highest immunohistochemical expression of p16^INK4a was weakly positive at grade 3.

Conclusion:

There is a significant relationship between p16^INK4a and histopathological subtypes, but there was no significant with the grading of penile squamous cell carcinoma.

THE ASSOCIATION OF BCL2 EXPRESSION WITH PROLIFERATION INDEX Ki67 AND CLINICOPATHOLOGY ASPECT OF DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

2024-08-22T03:19:17+00:00

Background

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma. It has various histological patterns, grades, and poses challenges in therapy and prognosis The prognosis of DLBCL is determined by several factors, including immunophenotyping and genetics involving the BCL2 protein This study aims to determine the correlation between BCL2 expression and clinicopathological factors including age, gender, histopathological variants, and proliferation index Ki67 in DLBCL.

Method

This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study involving 50 cases of DLBCL at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar. BCL2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and its expression was classified into positive and negative. A chi-square test was done to analyze the relationship between BCL2 expression with age, gender, morphology variant, and proliferation index Ki67 of DLBCL. Significance was determined at p<0.05.

Result

In this study, a total of 25 (75.8%) out of 33 cases of male patients had positive BCL2 expression, in contrast to female patient samples who showed more negative BCL2 examples. A total of 27 cases (69.2%) of all cases with high Ki67 index proliferation showed BCL2 positive. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between gender (p=0.005) and Ki67 proliferation index (p=0.047) with BCL2 expression. There was no significant association between BCL2 expression with age and morphology variant.

Conclusion

There is a significant association between BCL2 with Ki67 expression and the clinicopathological aspect of gender in DLBCL. It provides additional prognostic information in conjunction with other clinicopathological parameters. It also can be considered to use Ki67 as one of the indicators of prognosis factors in DLBCL cases and considered as a substitute for BCL2 as one of the markers of DLBCL progressivity at Prof. Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Ovarian Carcinoma in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

2023-10-27T15:22:45+00:00

Background:

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) has several subtypes with overlapping histopathological presentation and usually has a poor prognosis. According to WHO, ovarian Mucinous Carcinoma (MC) is the most common subtype of OC in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia.

Objectives:

This study aimed to report the incidence and clinicopathologic characteristics of OC between 2018-2023 tertiary Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a descriptive study, collecting OC data from medical records in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital.

Results:

The most common subtypes from 460 patients were MC (n=460;32%) based on histomorphology and immunohistochemistry, followed by Ovarian Endometrioid Carcinoma (EC) (n=460;21%). The mean age was 47.89 years (range 14-81). We revealed EC's incidence was higher than ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) (21% vs. 18%), discordant with the WHO report as the most common subtype. The largest OC reported was 70 cm in the greatest dimension found in MC, and the smallest OC was 3 cm found in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.

Conclusion:

The most common subtype of ovarian carcinoma was ovarian mucinous carcinoma; the overall mean age was 47.89 years. The largest ovarian carcinoma was mucinous carcinoma, with 70 cm in the greatest dimension.

Relationship of Immunohistochemical Expression of Protein 16 (p16) to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Subtype at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

2024-11-07T03:01:37+00:00

Introduction:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor that originates from the epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa or gland and is a malignant tumor of the head and neck area. Immunohistochemistry Protein 16 is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG), which is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that regulates tumor cells through the G1 phase of the often inactive cell cycle in cancer. Research on the relationship of p16 expression to nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been done much.

Method:

This study used 46 slide/block samples of paraffin in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases that had been histopathologically diagnosed at the Anatomical Pathology Unit of H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan from January 2022 to May 2024. All clinicopathology data is taken from medical records/pathology archives. p16 expression is assessed in the nucleus and or cytoplasm of tumor cells. The assessment of p16 expression was carried out semi-quantitatively based on the multiplication of area and intensity in the expressed tumor cells. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Eta test.

Result:

Among the 46 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples, 21 samples were found to have positive expressions with strong positive values in the NKSCC subtype as many as 14 samples (30.4%) and weak positive values in the NKSCC subtype as many as 7 samples (15.2%). Meanwhile, the results of immunohistochemical staining p16 were most negatively expressed, namely in the NKSCC subtype as many as 23 samples (50.0%) and in the KSCC subtype as many as 2 samples (4.3%). This variable Eta test was carried out and a p-value of 0.195 was obtained.

conclution:

There was no relationship of p16 expression to the nasopharyngeal carcinoma subtype.